Semiconductors are a special type of material that lies between conductors and insulators, possessing unique electronic properties. Their conductivity can change with variations in external conditions, such as temperature and light. In the modern electronics industry, semiconductors play a core role and are widely used in fields such as integrated circuits, transistors, and solar cells.

Photovoltaics is a green energy technology that converts solar energy into electrical energy. It is based on the photovoltaic effect, using solar panels to convert sunlight into direct current. This technology has many advantages, such as being a renewable energy source, noiseless, and pollution-free. As the global demand for renewable energy continues to grow.

Mechatronics is a comprehensive discipline that encompasses the fields of mechanical and electronic technology. It combines mechanical principles, electronic technology, and computer technology to achieve automation, intelligence, and efficiency in equipment.